ELISA

ELISA and cytokines

Cytokines and granzymes are signaling proteins that regulate immune responses, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, chemotaxis and cell apoptosis. These signaling proteins act at very low concentrations and are produced by many cells.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a fast, sensitive and reliable method to detect these signaling proteins.
U-CyTech offers high-quality ELISA kits and antibody pairs for the detection of cytokine and granzyme levels in biological fluids like cell culture supernatant, plasma or serum.

Brief description of the ELISA procedure

The sandwich ELISA is performed in antibody-coated 96-well microtiter plates. Samples and a serially diluted standard are added, followed by a biotinylated detection antibody and streptavidin-HRP conjugate. A ready-to-use TMB substrate creates a color change, which is measured by a spectrophotometer to determine analyte levels. 
The different steps of the ELISA procedure are illustrated in the ELISA Flow diagram.

Application

U-CyTech offers ELISA kits and antibody pairs for the detecting human, monkey, mouse and rat cytokines or granzymes e.g. IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, Granzyme B, Perforin and TNF-α.
The monkey ELISA kits are validated for Old World monkey species like rhesus macaques, pig-tailed macaques, cynomolgus monkeys and baboons.
We also offer ELISA products for New World monkeys (e.g. marmosets) for cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α.
 
Our ELISA products are widely used in research fields like cancer^1,2,3, vaccine development^4,5,6, infectious diseases^7,8,9,10 and autoimmune diseases^11,12. Hundreds of peer-reviewed publications showing successful use of U-CyTech’s ELISA products and/ or apply our antibodies. Please find these references in our Reference database.

U-CyTech ELISA products

Follow these links to go to directly to our:

• Human ELISA products
• Old World Monkey ELISA products
• New World Monkey ELISA products (marmoset)
• Mouse ELISA products
• Rat ELISA product

References ELISA products  

Click on the authors for the abstract of the below mentioned acticles.

1. Chiriva-Internati M et al. (2012). Identification of AKAP-4 as a new cancer/testis antigen for detection and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Prostate. 72: 12-23.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Human IFN-γ ELISA kit
     • Human IL-4 ELISA kit
     • Human IL-5 ELISA kit
     • Human IL-10 ELISA kit 
     • Human TNF-α ELISA kit
       • Type of sample: supernatant from co-culture of PBMC and autologous tumor cells
2. Straetemans T et al. (2015). Recurrence of melanoma following T cell treatment: continued antigen expression in a tumor that evades T cell recruitment. Mol. Ther. 23: 396-406.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Mouse IFN-γ ELISA kit
       • Type of sample: supernatant from co-culture of TCR T cells and tumor cells
3. Deng M et al. (2021). Activation of the complement system in patients with cancer cachexia. Cancers. 13: 5767.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Human IL-6 ELISA kit
       • Type of sample: plasma
4. Ghotloo S et al. (2015). Immunomodulatory effects of chitin microparticles on Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice. Parasitol. Int. 64: 219-21.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Mouse IFN-γ ELISA kit
     • Mouse IL-5 ELISA kit
     • Mouse IL-10 ELISA kit
     • Mouse TNF-α ELISA kit
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from cells collected from lymph nodes
5. Zhang W et al. (2018). Schistosoma mansoni antigen Sm-p80: prophylactic efficacy using TLR4 agonist vaccine adjuvant glucopyranosyl lipid A-Alum in murine and non-human primate models. J. Investig. Med. 8:1124-1132.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Monkey IFN-γ ELISA kit
     • Monkey IL-2 ELISA kit
     • Monkey IL-4 ELISA kit
     • Monkey IL-10 ELISA kit 
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from cells collected from PBMC, lymph nodes and spleen
   • Monkey species: Papio anubis
6. Van Coillie et al. (2023). The BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces transient afucosylated IgG1 in naive but not in antigen-experienced vaccinees. EbioMedicine. 87: 104408.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Human IL-6 ELISA antibody pair
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from alveolar-like monocyte-derived macrophages
7. Zhao Y et al. (2013). Modulation of inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model following infection with Trichinella spiralis. Vet. Parasitol. 194: 211-6.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Mouse IFN-γ ELISA kit
     • Mouse IL-4 ELISA kit
     • Mouse IL-10 ELISA kit 
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from cells collected from lamina propria mononuclear cells  and spleen
8. Nelson M and Loveday M (2014). Exploring the innate immunological response of an alternative nonhuman primate model of infectious disease; the common marmoset. J. Immunol. Res. 2014: 913632.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Marmoset TNF-α ELISA kit
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from cells collected from PBMC, lung and spleen
   • Monkey species: Callithrix jacchus
9. Geyer CE et al. (2023). Identification of new drugs to counteract anti-spike IgG-induced hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 6(11): e202302106.
   • U-CyTech products used in this study:
     • Human IL-6 ELISA antibody pair
       • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from macrophages
10. Wong E et al. (2020). IL-10 Impairs Local Immune Response in Lung Granulomas and Lymph Nodes during Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J. Immunol.  204(3): 644-659.
    • U-CyTech products used in this study:
      • Monkey IL-10 ELISA kit 
        • Type of sample: supernatant of homogenized lung granulomas
    • Monkey species: Macaca fascicularis
11. Karwasra R et al. (2019). Pomegranate supplementation attenuates inflammation, joint dysfunction via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Food Biochem. 43: e12959.
    • U-CyTech products used in this study:
      • Rat TNF-α ELISA kit
        • Type of sample: serum
12. Benne N et al. (2024). Autoantigen-dexamethasone Conjugate-Loaded Liposomes Halt Arthritis Development in Mice. Adv Healthc Mater: e2304238.
    • U-CyTech products used in this study:
      • Mouse IL-10 ELISA kit
        • Type of sample: cultural supernatant from dendritic cells